Abstract: Wind erosion is the main sign of land desertification.The movement of sand particles on the land surface and in the air driven byair flow is the main origin of initiation and evolution of wind erosion andsand storm. The research on the mechanism of aeolian transport is the maintask of desert science and sand prevention and control engineering. SinceBagnold published his monograph named ``The physics of blown sand and desertdune'', the research on the mechanism of aeolian transport has achieved manyprogresses in mechanism of interactions between moving particles and bed,mass flux of sand transport, distributions of energy and concentration ofsand particles, impacting and friction effects of sand particles on variousmaterials. Research and practice show that only when a breakthrough in theresearch of mechanism of aeolian transport is gained, can the mechanism ofinteractions between moving particles and bed, the transport and sedimentprocesses be understood fully, and further, establish design principles ofsand prevention and control engineering. This paper briefly reviewed thehistory of mechanism research of aeolian transport firstly. Then the latestrecent achievements are summarized. Finally, the authors analyze theproblems in present study, and suggest the further trends of study.