Abstract: This paper studies the thermal vibration characteristics of the carbon fiber bismaleimide resin conical shell under free boundary conditions. The first three natural frequencies of the conical shell at different temperatures are obtained by thermal modal test. The results show that the natural frequencies of the conical shell decrease with the increase in temperature. Combined with the finite element method, the effect of temperature on the thermal vibration characteristics of the conical shell is analyzed. The results show that the increase of temperature exhibits two effects: (1) The natural frequencies decrease with the decrease of the elastic modulus of the conical shell; (2) The anisotropy of the thermal expansion ability of among various single-layers leads to the thermal deformation inconsistency among those layers, which induces thermal stress and therefore increases the natural frequencies.