Abstract: In this paper, a two-dimensionalanatomically-based biodynamic model of the humanlower extremity is established. The hip joint is modelled as a passive-joint torque with effects of viscoelastic structures situated across the joint. Alsoan anatomical model of the knee joint is establishedin the paper. In addition to the knee ligaments, themodel includes the effects of five significant musclegroups involved in the motion of the lower limb. Thenumerical results give the forces associated with themuscle groups a...