Abstract: This article takes 15-5PH stainless steel and 9310 steel as the research objects, and based on the simplified rack model of aviation spline pair, carries out fretting friction and wear experiments under the conditions of no lubrication, grease lubrication, debris grease lubrication and oil lubrication. Combined with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), three-dimensional profiler and finite element simulation analysis, the quantitative relationship between lubrication mode and wear amount is studied. The results showed that: (1) without lubrication, there are deep furrows, peeling pits and adhesive tearing on the surface, and the wear mechanism is mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear. (2) Grease lubrication can reduce the damage of contact surface, because it is difficult for grease to remain stably at the interface, and the range of slip zone is similar to that without lubrication, which is mainly abrasive wear, and the wear amount is reduced by 18.5% compared with that without lubrication. (3) The viscosity of wear debris grease lubrication is changed compared with that of grease lubrication. Affected by internal wear debris, the wear amount is reduced by 47% compared with that without lubrication. (4) Oil lubrication can effectively inhibit fretting wear, and the tooth surface is flat, with only slight scratches and pits, mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear, and the wear amount is reduced by 72.4% compared with that without lubrication. This study clarified the influence of lubrication methods on Fretting Wear Characteristics of aviation spline pair materials, and provided key data support for its anti-wear design.