低成本、易获取的光弹性实验教具在力学实验教学中的应用

LOW-COST AND READILY-AVAILABLE PHOTOELASTIC EXPERIMENT APPARATUS AND ITS APPLICATION IN EDUCATION MECHANICS EXPERIMENT EDUCATION

  • 摘要: 力学实验教学是物理、航空航天、机械等理工科专业教育中的重要组成部分,其中光弹性实验因具有材料内部应力场直观显示的特点,而被诸多国内院校纳入力学实验教学计划。针对传统光弹性实验设备售价高、体积庞大等问题,本文详细介绍了一种低成本、易获取且便捷的光弹性实验教具,并且探索性地将其应用于力学实验教学。以梁模型的纯弯实验为例,采用上述教具进行教学内容展示,结果表明该教具虽仅能进行光弹性实验的定性判断,但仍具有材料内部应力场可视化的优势。这种光弹性实验教具不仅大幅减少了搭建光弹性实验系统的开支,更提高了实际课堂使用的便利性和趣味性,有助于丰富课堂内容,增加学生对力学知识的感性认识。

     

    Abstract: . Training of mechanical experiments is essential in science and engineering education, particularly in disciplines such as physics, aerospace, and mechanical engineering. Among these experiments, photoelasticity stands out for its ability to visually represent internal stress fields within materials and is therefore widely included in mechanics training programs at many institutions. However, traditional photoelasticity equipment is expensive, bulky, and heavy, limiting its practicality in diverse educational contexts. To address this, we present a cost-effective, portable, and user-friendly photoelastic apparatus designed specifically for educational use in mechanics experiments. Through a four-point bending test, we demonstrate the device’s instructional potential. While this apparatus supports only qualitative analysis, it effectively retains the ability to visualize stress fields within materials. By reducing costs and enhancing accessibility, it expands opportunities for classroom demonstrations, enriches course content, and promotes students’ intuitive understanding of mechanics

     

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