Abstract: In high-altitude regions, hydropower construction faces challenges from geological disasters such as snow avalanches and ice collapses. Taking snow avalanche as the research object, this paper discusses the research progress on experimental techniques, rheological models, and dynamic numerical simulations of snow avalanches. Full-scale snow avalanche tests or reduced-scale chute tests of snow have been conducted to accumulate data of avalanche cases using advanced measurement techniques at home and abroad. Snow avalanches are often considered as complex fluids or granular flows, and their rheological behavior is described using models such as the Voellmy dual-parameter model, porous visco-plastic model, or granular flow rheological model. Snow avalanche dynamic simulations based on fluid dynamics or continuum mechanics have gradually matured, providing a scientific basis for avalanche path prediction and disaster risk assessment.