Abstract: Long distance hydrogen pipeline is an effective way to solve the problem of large-scale hydrogen transmission, but its failure mechanism and leakage diffusion law are different from those of conventional oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, in order to improve the risk response ability of long distance hydrogen pipeline transmission, this paper analyzed six risk causes including hydrogen damage, identified typical accident scenarios of hydrogen pipeline leakage, and studied the failure probability prediction and potential life loss calculation models. Thus a quantitative risk assessment method is formed. Case analysis shows that this method can solve the problem of failure probability analysis under the premise of lack of failure statistics in China, and multi scenario leakage accident calculation can provide guarantee for maximum assessment of consequence severity.