理论力学研究性教学新探索: 刚体运动基点法公式与连续介质速度场分解

A NEW RESEARCH-ORIENTED LECTURING METHODOLOGY OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS: VELOCITY FORMULA OF RIGID BODY MOTION AND DECOMPOSITION OF CONTINUUM VELOCITY FIELD

  • 摘要: 基础力学课程体系是现代工程教育的重要基础。理论力学作为力学课程体系的起点,提供了力学基本概念和原理。一方面,以离散体系(质点/刚体)为研究对象的理论力学与以连续体系(介质/变形微元体)为对象的连续介质力学,它们之间既存在密切联系又差异明显;另一方面,源于理论/经典力学的动力系统理论和非线性科学研究对应用力学学科产生了广泛影响。围绕这两个侧面,作者将在《理论力学研究性教学新探索》系列教研论文中阐释它们之间的联系。本篇探讨刚体运动基点法公式和连续介质速度场分解之间的关系,它们分别给出刚体模型和连续介质模型的速度分布规律,前者依赖刚体转动角速度矢量,而后者由速度梯度张量所刻画。本文将说明,两者存在对应理论关系,且刚体基点法公式是连续介质速度场分解的退化形式,即忽略变形效应。

     

    Abstract: Applied mechanics courses are key foundation of modern engineering education. As the starting point, “classical mechanics” provides fundamental concepts and principles for all other branches of applied mechanics. On one hand, there exist both close connections and evident differences between “classical mechanics” (discrete systems) and continuum mechanics (continuum systems). On the other hand, dynamical system theory and nonlinear science, both originated in classical mechanics, have notable effects on all applied mechanics branches. By focusing on these two aspects, connections will be detailed in a series of papers titled “A new research-oriented lecturing methodology of classical mechanics” by the authors, with the current one devoted to velocity formula of rigid body motion and decomposition of continuum velocity field, which are key kinematic results for rigid body mechanics and continuum mechanics, respectively. The former is built on the concept of angular velocity of rigid body while the latter is characterized by the gradient tensor of velocity field. This paper will demonstrate that, the two formulae, seemingly different, essentially correspond to each other. Explicitly, the rigid body formula is the degenerate case of the general velocity field decomposition, by neglecting deformation effects.

     

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