张量紧说

TENSOR COMPACTLY EXPLAINED

  • 摘要: 本文从线性空间出发,介绍了线性泛函与对偶空间,在此基础上以双线性型为例引出了张量的数学定义−多线性泛函;另一方面,内积作为一种特殊的双线性型给予向量另一种身份:余向量,由此通过限定定义张量的线性空间都取为\mathbbR^n\hspace0.25em\left(n=\mathrm2,3\right),就得到了(连续介质)力学中常用的张量,即在基变换下坐标(或称分量)按照给定规则变化的量。进一步给出了张量的张量积、缩并、点积和双点积运算。

     

    Abstract: Linear space, linear functional and dual space are introduced. Based on this, tensor is defined mathematically as a multilinear functional, with bilinear form as an example. In addition, as a special case of bilinear form, inner product renders a co-vector interpretation of vector itself. Now setting all the linear spaces that vectors and co-vectors reside as \mathbbR^n\hspace0.25em\left(n=\mathrm2,3\right), the afore-defined tensor becomes that commonly used in the theory of continuum, viz, an entity that changes its coordinates/components according to certain given rules under coordinate transform of \mathbbR^n. Tensor product, contraction, dot product and double dot product are also explained.

     

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