Abstract: Nanofibers have great application prospects in the fields of energy, environment, aerospace, biology, medicine, and others, because of their high specific surface, high surface energy and high surface activity. Electrospinning technology is one of the most convenient, direct as well as economical methods to produce nanofibers, and its mechanism was widely studied in recent years, as the key to solve the bottleneck problem of electrospinning nanofibers. This paper reviews the research progress of various kinds of electrospinning devices and their mechanisms. The mechanism of the jet in the electrospinning process and the related bottleneck problems are discussed. The development of the mechanical models of the jet and the numerical simulations of the electrospinning process are highlighted, as well as the future development of the numerical method in the electrospinning field.