Abstract: The coal mine impact ground pressure mainly occurs in the roadway. One of the main reasons is that a large amount of elastic energy is accumulated in the surrounding rock of the roadway. In order to obtain the characteristics of the elastic deformation energy accumulation of the surrounding rock of the rectangular roadway and to reduce the cost of the roadway support, the energy criterion of the roadway impact failure is established, and the calculation model of the surrounding rock energy accumulation of the rectangular roadway is built. The influence of the mining depth, the section size of the roadway and the thickness of the coal seam on the energy accumulation of the surrounding rock in the rectangular roadway is analyzed. It is concluded that for the rectangular roadway, the elastic energy increases with the increase of the depth of mining; the deeper the depth of the mining, the faster the growth rate of the elastic energy accumulated in the roadway; the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock of the roadway increases with the increase of the section size of the roadway; and when the thickness of the coal seam is less than the influence range of the roadway, the accumulation energy of the roadway increases as the thickness of the coal seam increases. In the actual project, the section size of the roadway should be reduced as much as possible, and the roadway is better arranged along the top and the bottom as far as possible. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the layout of the rockburst roadways and the reduction of the roadway support costs.