Abstract: The electric resistance strain measuring technique is very important in the structure stress analysis. This paper analyzes the temperature strain compensation in the electric resistance strain measuring technique, including the forming principle of the structure temperature strain and the compensation principle of the structure temperature strain. The temperature strain in the testing structure and that in the compensation component have their relations and differences. A misconception of the temperature strain in the testing structure and that in the compensation component is pointed out and it is shown that it might lead to a wrong structure temperature strain compensation. Meanwhile, a correct condition is proposed to guarantee the objectivity and the reliability of the testing data during the engineering structure strain measurement.