机械臂作动下多自由度系统振动抑制原理的实验装置设计

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE FOR VIBRATION SUPPRESSION PRINCIPLE OF MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM UNDER MANIPULATOR ACTUATION

  • 摘要: 以机器人操作柔性结构场景中的振动抑制为背景,研制了一种动力学与控制实践教学的机电系统。该系统采用减速电机串联二连杆机构组成机械臂,并将双摆悬挂于机械臂末端,建立了多自由度动力学系统的实物模型。吊点处安装有自制的电阻应变式传感器以感知吊索的动态张力。根据经典力学的功能原理,设计了基于动态张力反馈的机械臂末端速度控制律,并基于Arduino平台实现了小扰动下双摆振动的快速抑制。该实验装置涉及力学、机械、电子等多个专业,基础系统浅显易懂,相关专业的本科生能够独立完成软硬件搭建与调试。对力学专业而言,该系统为柔性欠驱动系统的建模与实验提供了具体案例。整体设计具有硬件成本低、软件门槛低的特点,适宜在实践教学中推广使用。

     

    Abstract: This paper presents the development of an electromechanical system for dynamics and control practical teaching, targeting vibration suppression in scenarios of robots operating flexible structures. A two-link mechanism in series with gear motors is used to form a manipulator, a double pendulum is suspended at the end of the manipulator to establish a physical model of a multi-degree-of-freedom dynamics system, and a self-made resistance-strain sensor is installed at the suspension point to sense the dynamic tension of the sling. According to the work-energy principle of classical mechanics, the speed control law at the end of the manipulator is designed utilizing the dynamic tension feedback. Based on the Arduino platform, the rapid suppression of double pendulum vibrations under small disturbances is realized. This experimental device integrates knowledge from multiple majors, including mechanics, mechanical engineering and electronics. The fundamental system design is straightforward, enabling both hardware and software components to be independently accomplished by undergraduates in relevant fields. For mechanics students, it provides a concrete case of modeling and experimenting of flexible underactuated systems. The design of low-cost hardware and low-threshold software makes it suitable for practical teaching applications.

     

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