基于星下点轨迹分析的应急观测星座设计

CONSTELLATION DESIGN FOR EMERGENCY OBSERVATION BASED ON SUB-SATELLITE POINT TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS

  • 摘要: 针对应急对地观测任务中的多目标高效重访需求,基于第十三届中国空间轨道设计竞赛丙题的冠军团队解法,提出了一种结合星下点轨迹分析与网格搜索的星座设计方法。通过分析回归轨道的几何特性,识别出制约覆盖效率的两个目标群,并采用子星座分工优化覆盖;同时,设计了基于轨迹交点分布的3 h重访时序,通过优化初始轨道缩小机动调度的寻优空间。仿真结果表明,仅需8颗卫星即可满足固定目标6 h、移动目标3 h的最大重访约束,同时总脉冲消耗优化至1927.39 m/s,为低成本应急星座设计提供了可行方案。

     

    Abstract: To address the need for efficient multi-target revisits in emergency Earth observation missions, this paper proposes a constellation design method that integrates subsatellite point trajectory analysis and grid search, based on the winning solution from the 13th China Trajectory Optimization Competition's Problem C. By examining the geometric properties of repeat ground track orbit, two target groups limiting coverage efficiency are identified, and sub-constellation division is employed to optimize coverage. Additionally, a 3-hour revisit timing sequence is designed based on the distribution of trajectory intersections, and the optimization space for maneuver planning is reduced by refining the initial orbits. Simulation results demonstrate that only eight satellites are required to meet the maximum revisit constraints of six hours for fixed targets and three hours for moving targets, while the total impulse consumption is optimized to 1927.39 m/s, offering a feasible solution for low-cost emergency constellation design.

     

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