Abstract: Accurate estimation of extreme typhoon wind speed is critical for disaster prevention and mitigation as well as for the wind-resistant design of engineering structures. This paper reviews recent research advances in stochastic typhoon extreme wind speed estimation, with a particular focus on analyzing the applicability and limitations of typhoon track models, wind field models, and extreme value distributions. The main findings indicate that: the straight-line track model offers computational efficiency suitable for rapid regional assessment, whereas the full-track model delivers higher accuracy at the expense of increased computational demand; the Yan Meng wind field model benefits from analytical solutions, yet empirical formulas for key parameters such as the radius of maximum wind speed and pressure profile parameters still face challenges in model compatibility and regional applicability; significant discrepancies exist among the extreme value distributions adopted in different countries. Future research should prioritize optimizing model regional adaptability and accounting for key parameter correlations to further enhance the predictive accuracy of extreme wind speed, thereby providing more robust scientific support for typhoon disaster prevention and engineering mitigation design.