Abstract: The risk of oil pipelines becoming compromised due to leakage or breakage along their designated routes is a consequence of complex climatic conditions and frequent geological hazards. The occurrence of oil spills in pipeline leakage accidents frequently results in severe environmental pollution along the affected routes. Consequently, the rapid assessment of the impact range of leaking oil is imperative in order to minimize the damage caused by such accidents. However, there is a paucity of rapid and general algorithms for modelling the flow-diffusion process of spilled oil in real geographical environments. This paper proposes a novel approach to address this critical gap in knowledge. The proposed methodology involves the construction of a fast prediction algorithm based on real terrain data. This algorithm is designed to predict the flow diffusion range of leaking oil on the surface. The novelty of this approach lies in its utilization of the smooth particle flow SPH(smoothed particle hydrodynamics) algorithm. This is employed to simulate and analyses the leakage diffusion situation qualitatively and quantitatively under different working conditions. The primary objective of this study is to provide theoretical support for emergency rescue operations.