力学与实践 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 258-264.DOI: 10.6052/1000-0879-19-179
• 力学史话 • 上一篇 下一篇
刘沛清1)(), 赵芸可
收稿日期:
修回日期:
出版日期:
发布日期:
通讯作者:
作者简介:
LIU Peiqing1)(), ZHAO Yunke
Received:
Revised:
Online:
Published:
Contact:
摘要：
著名的理想流体定常流动的能量方程即伯努利方程,自建立以来在流体力学领域中贡献卓著。本文依据伯努利方程的建立内涵,阐述了其在流体静力学、定常孔口出流、皮托管测速、文丘里管流量和翼型绕流等具体流动中的成功应用。同时,进一步说明了由伯努利方程建立提出的局部跟随流体质点的建模思想,被欧拉概括为描述流体运动的流场法,是建立欧拉方程组和N-S方程组的基本依据,也为后来湍流理论、边界层理论、气动噪声等理论的建立奠定了基础。
关键词: 流体力学, 伯努利方程, 流体机械工程
Abstract:
The famous energy equation for the steady flow of ideal fluids, the Bernoulli equation, has contributed greatly to the fluid mechanics since its publication. Based on the connotation of Bernoulli equation, this paper discusses its successful application in hydrostatics, steady orifice outflow, pitot tube velocity measurement, venturi flow and airfoil flow. At the same time, the modeling of the local following fluid particles is suggested by Bernoulli equation. It is summarized by Euler as the flow field method describing the fluid motion, which is the basic basis for deriving the Euler equations and the NS equations. It also laid the foundation for the establishment of the later turbulence theory, boundary layer theory, aerodynamic noise and other theories.
Key words: fluid mechanics, Bernoulli equation, fluid mechanical engineering
中图分类号:
O355
刘沛清, 赵芸可. 伯努利方程对流体力学理论建立的历史贡献[J]. 力学与实践, 2020, 42(2): 258-264.
LIU Peiqing, ZHAO Yunke. THE HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTION OF BERNOULLI'S EQUATION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FLUID MECHANICS THEORY[J]. Mechanics in Engineering, 2020, 42(2): 258-264.
0 / / 推荐
导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
链接本文: http://lxsj.cstam.org.cn/CN/10.6052/1000-0879-19-179
http://lxsj.cstam.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V42/I2/258
图1 瑞士流体力学家伯努利
图2 理想流体的伯努利
图3 流体力学和空气动力学的发展历程
图4 水压机原理
图5 在大气压出流条件下的伯努利方程表示
图6 毕托总压管(伯努利方程应用)
图7 普朗特风速管(皮托管测速仪)
图8 文丘里流量管
图9 文丘里流量计原理(伯努利方程在管流中的应用)
图10 牛顿的漂石理论(下翼面的顶托作用)
图11 翼型压力分布及其对升力的贡献
图12 流体力学基础理论建立与发展
图13 黏性流体运动的伯努利方程
), 赵芸可
